A lightning protection system protects structures from direct lightning strikes. The system intercepts the strike and provides a safe, conductive path for the electrical discharge. It then disperses that energy harmlessly into the ground. The system doesn’t prevent strikes but controls them instead.

A complete system includes:

• Air terminals (lightning rods): These components sit on the highest points of a structure to intercept lightning.
• Conductors: Special cables connect the air terminals to the ground.
• Grounding: Ground rods or plates dissipate the lightning’s energy into the earth.

When lightning strikes, the system’s air terminals and conductors provide a low-resistance path for the electrical current. This directs the lightning’s energy away from the structure and its contents. The system safely channels it into the ground, preventing fires and structural damage.

Installing a lightning protection system requires specialized training and technical expertise. This work should only be carried out by a certified, highly knowledgeable expert to ensure the system is installed correctly and complies with all safety standards.

Lightning protection isn’t mandatory for every building. However, local building codes often require it for specific types of structures. These include buildings in areas with frequent thunderstorms and those taller than surrounding structures. Critical service buildings like hospitals, data centers, or emergency services also need protection. Buildings that house large groups (schools, stadiums) require systems. Structures containing flammable or explosive materials need protection. Museums housing irreplaceable cultural heritage must have systems. Taller buildings with metal frames or cladding also require protection.

International standards like IEC 62305 define Lightning Protection Levels (LPLs). A risk assessment determines the appropriate LPL. Each level corresponds to specific protection against lightning strikes. Higher levels provide greater protection. They handle more severe lightning currents. The assessment determines the system’s design, including air terminal and conductor placement.

A specialist should inspect and test your lightning protection system at least once a year. Regular inspections ensure all components work properly. Specialists check for loose connections, corrosion, or other damage during these inspections.

A surge protection device (SPD) protects against voltage spikes or electrical surges. It limits transient voltages by diverting or limiting excess current to the ground. This prevents surges from reaching and damaging sensitive electronic equipment. SPDs form a key part of comprehensive lightning protection plans. Lightning can cause powerful surges even without a direct strike.

Surge protection devices contain a non-linear component that acts as an open circuit, allowing electricity to flow through your system. When a voltage surge occurs, the SPD’s internal components quickly switch to low resistance. This diverts the excess energy safely to the ground. Once the surge passes, the SPD returns to its high-resistance state.

In many regions, yes. Building codes and regulations now mandate SPD installation. The need for surge protection grows as modern homes and businesses use more sensitive electronics.

You should consider installing surge protection in several situations. Install it during new construction or major renovation projects. Consider it if you live in an area with frequent thunderstorms or grid fluctuations. Use it to protect sensitive and expensive equipment like computers, servers, and high-end home entertainment systems. Homes with smart appliances, solar panels, or EV chargers particularly need protection. These systems face greater vulnerability to surges.